Screen-printed multienzyme arrays for use in amperometric batch and flow systems

Screen-printing technology for electrode fabrication enables construction of amperometric devices suitable for combination of several enzyme electrodes. To develop a biosensor array for characterisation of wastewaters, tyrosinase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or cholinesterase-modified electrodes were combined on the same array. The behaviour of the tyrosinase-modified electrode in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (required co-substrate for the HRP-modified electrode) and acetylthiocholine chloride (required co-substrate for cholinesterase) was studied. Performance of bi-enzyme biosensor arrays in the batch mode and in the flow-injection system are discussed.     

Application of diode array detectors for solute identification in toxicological analysis

Summary The possibilities and limitation of automated solute identification via UV/VIS spectroscopy in HPLC are demonstrated and applications in toxicologic analysis are described. A standard isocratic system is used. The influence of various chromatographic parameters on retention time is shown. A retention time window of ±15% is required. In addition to retention time, derived spectral data are calculated (minima and maxima of derivatives, area counts under standardized spectral ranges, absorption at various wavelength) and used for positive solute identification. It is possible to identify solutes with a high degree of certainty in urine and plasma if their concentration is at least 10 ppm.     

孔性氧化铝模板与一维纳米新材料的制备

纳米材料尤其是以碳纳米管有序阵列为代表的一维纳米阵列材料的重要价值,促进了人们对模板合成方法的研究。本文简要回顾和总结了近年来有关孔性氧化铝模板的制备及其应用的研究进展,结合我们实验室的部分相关研究工作,揭示了孔性氧化铝模板在合成与组装一维纳米新材料方面的重要作用,以进一步活跃和促进该重要领域的研究和发展。     

Effect of drying temperature and blanching on the degradation of chlorophyll a and b in mint (Mentha spicata Huds.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum): Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection

Summary The effect of drying conditions on the preservation of chlorophyll pigments in mint and basil have been investigated in order to determine the effects of drying temperature and whether or not there was a prior blanching.Pigments extracted from fresh and dried samples were analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector; isocratic separation was performed on a Zorbax ODS C18 column.The purity of the chromatographic peaks of chlorophylls and breakdown products was investigated. The visible spectra of standard samples of chlorophylls and pheophytins were compared, using least squares normalization with those of peaks from the extracts of fresh and dried mint and basil. The study has shown that chlorophylls were better preserved when drying was preceded by a short blanching; if samples were not blanched before drying, the degradation of chlorophylls a and b was best prevented by drying at low temperatures.     

模板法组装纳米有序阵列的研究进展

由金属、半导体、碳纳米管、聚苯胺等组成的纳米有序阵列体系,在能量存储或转换、传感等方面具有广阔的应用前景。模板法组装纳米有序阵列体系是以具有特定微孔结构的材料为模板,通过电化学沉积、溶胶-凝胶沉积和化学气相沉积等手段,让纳米单元在模板提供的受控环境中原位生成,形成纳米有序阵列体系。模板法具有可控性好、工艺简便、能耗低等优点。本文综述了模板法组装纳米有序阵列体系的研究进展,并对纳米有序阵列体系的应用前景作了展望。     

A multiple coupling approach to produce high-performance SERS substrates

In this work, large area gold-nanoparticle-cluster pillar array with a gold mirror as high-performance SERS substrate was facilely fabricated by combined use of nanosphere lithography and self-assembly approach.     

Analysis of Terbumeton and its Major Metabolites by SPE and DAD-HPLC in Soil Bulk Water

A rapid and inexpensive method for simultaneous quantification of terbumeton (TER), and its major potential metabolites (TED; terbumeton-desethyl, TOH; terbumeton-2-hydroxy and TID; terbumeton-deisopropyl) in soil bulk water (SBW) samples is proposed. The analytical method involves extraction–concentration from SBW samples using a graphitized carbon black (GCB) cartridge followed by their separation–detection by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis using a C₁₈ column and a diode array detector. A mobile phase of acetonitrile−0.005 mol L⁻¹ phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) (35:65, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min⁻¹ in isocratic elution mode has been used. After optimization of the extraction and separation conditions, this method can be used for the simultaneous determination of investigated compounds in the range of the international limits of 0.1 μg L⁻¹. For TER the detection limit was 0.009 μg L⁻¹ and it was 0.100, 0.550, and 0.480 μg L⁻¹ for TED, TOH, and TID, respectively. The recoveries of TER, TED, TOH, and TID from SBW samples, measured at three levels of concentration range, were found to be between 48.0 and 102.0%. The intra-day precision measured by relative standard deviation (RSD) was always lower than 9.0%.     

Synthesis of mono meso-pyridyl 21,23-dithiaporphyrins and unsymmetrical non-covalent porphyrin dimers

A new method has been developed to synthesize 21,23-dithiaporphyrins having one pyridyl group at the meso position. The method required easily available unknown precursors and the condensation resulted in mono meso-pyridyl 21,23-dithiaporphyrins as single products in 8-11% yield. Two of the three mono meso-pyridyl N₂S₂ porphyrins were used to synthesize non-covalent unsymmetrical porphyrin dimers containing one N₂S₂ and one N₄ porphyrin cores.     

Use of Extraction Disks for Trace Enrichment of Various Pesticides from River and Sea Water Samples

Abstract

C-18 Empore extraction disks were used for the isolation and trace enrichment of different groups of pesticides from river water and artificial sea water at concentration levels of 0.2, 5 and 20 μg/l [chlorotriazines, (atrazine and simazine), their dealkylated metabolites, (deethyl- and deisopropylatrazine), organophosphorus (parathion-ethyl), phenylurea (linuron), anilide (propanil), carbamate (aldicarb and carbofuran) and carbamate transformation products (aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone and 3-hydroxy-7-phenol carbofuran]. The extraction disks allowed high flow rates thus 51 samples could be processed within 2h. 30 min.

For most of the pesticides the recoveries, as determined by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD), varied from 74 up to 125% with coefficients of variations (CV) of 5-10%, whereas for the carbamate transformation products the recoveries were in the range of 30-35% having a CV of 17-21%. At spiking level of 0.2 μg/l the dealkylated triazine metabolites and the carbamate transformation products were not detected at all.     

A comparison of measured room acoustics metrics using a spherical microphone array and conventional methods

The traditional microphone configuration used to measure room impulse responses (IRs) according to ISO 3382:2009 is an omnidirectional and figure-8 microphone pair. IRs measurements were taken in a 2500-seat auditorium to determine how the results from a spherical microphone array (an mh acoustics Eigenmike-em32) compare to those from the traditional microphone setup (a Brüel & Kjær Type-4192 omnidirectional microphone and a Sennheiser MKH30 figure-8 microphone). Measurements were obtained at six receiver locations, with three repetitions each in order to first evaluate repeatability. The metrics considered in this study were: reverberation time (T30), early decay time (EDT), clarity index (C80), strength (G), lateral energy fraction (J_LF) and late lateral energy level (L_J). Before calculating these quantities, the IRs were filtered to equalize the frequency response of the microphones and sound source. For the spherical array measurements, the omnidirectional (monopole) and figure-8 (dipole) patterns were extracted using beamforming. In terms of repeatability, the average standard deviation of the three measurements at each receiver location averaged across all metrics, receivers, and octave bands was found to be 0.01 just noticeable differences (JNDs). The analysis comparing the measurements from the two microphone configurations yielded differences which were less than 1 JND for the majority of metrics, with a few exceptions of EDT and C80 slightly above 1 JND. Based on this case study, these results indicate that spherical microphone arrays can be used to obtain valid room IR measurements, which will allow for the development of new metrics utilizing the higher spatial resolution made possible with spherical arrays.